Eight commercial varieties · Skin, oil, flavour, season

Avocado varieties

Avocado variety affects more than appearance. The choice can change richness, sweetness, texture, and how well the fruit holds its shape. A high-oil avocado may suit mashing, while a milder one can work better in salads, sandwiches, or other dishes where clean slices matter.

Skin colour is not a universal ripeness test. Some avocados become dark as they soften, but others remain green or yellow-green when ready. Because avocados mature on the tree and soften after picking, firmness and the stem end can provide better clues for green-skinned types.

The guide begins with the plant’s three horticultural races and its two flowering patterns. The variety entries then follow a consistent order, covering physical character first and eating qualities and kitchen uses second. Seasonal notes help connect individual varieties with the wider calendar.

How varieties are grouped

Avocado belongs to Persea americana, a Lauraceae species native from Mexico through Central America to Peru. Its varieties draw from Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian races. Mexican ancestry contributes small fruit, thin skins, strong oil levels, cold tolerance, and anise-scented leaves; Guatemalan types bring pebbled skins, useful oil, and longer tree hang time; West Indian types offer large smooth fruit, less oil, heat and salt tolerance, and weaker cold tolerance.

Flower timing divides varieties into A and B types through heterodichogamy. An A flower functions as female during its first morning opening, then returns as male the next afternoon. B reverses that sequence, using afternoon first and the following morning for pollen release. Planting both types nearby generally improves pollination and fruit set, so mixed groves often pair complementary schedules.

The three horticultural races of Persea americana.
RaceWhat it contributes
Mexicanvar. drymifoliasmall fruit, thin skin, highest oil content, most cold tolerant, anise-scented leaves
Guatemalanvar. guatemalensisthick pebbly skin, medium to high oil, longer hang time on the tree
West Indianvar. americanalarge smooth-skinned fruit, lower oil, most heat and salt tolerant, least cold hardy

The varieties

Attribute rows come from variety and trade references; the descriptions are written for this guide.

Hass

Type A

Hass is a medium avocado, commonly 5-12 oz, with a pebbly surface. Its green skin gradually becomes dark purple-black as the fruit softens, making colour a familiar ripeness reference. The variety became the dominant commercial avocado worldwide, and its California crop is strongest from spring into early autumn.

Inside, Hass has a rich, nutty character supported by high oil, commonly listed at 18-22 percent. Its creamy texture handles guacamole, avocado toast, and mashing especially well. Mexican and Peruvian fruit help keep this variety available during the rest of the year, beyond the main California period.

  • Flowering type A
  • Skin pebbly, green turning dark purple-black as it ripens
  • Size medium, commonly 5-12 oz
  • Oil high, commonly listed at 18-22 percent
  • Season California crop is strongest from spring into early autumn; Mexican and Peruvian fruit fills the rest of the year
  • Best for guacamole, avocado toast, mashing

Fuerte

Type B

Fuerte is a pear-shaped avocado ranging from medium to large. Its thin, smooth skin remains green when ripe, so a darkening peel should not be expected. Once the leading California variety, it now has a more seasonal presence, with fruit associated mainly with winter and early spring in California.

The flesh is mild and slightly sweet, with medium to high oil that gives slices enough body without making the flavour heavy. Fuerte is well suited to salads, sandwiches, and neat slices. Its gentler profile also works when avocado should support other ingredients rather than dominate them.

  • Flowering type B
  • Skin smooth, thin, stays green when ripe
  • Size medium to large, pear shaped
  • Oil medium to high
  • Season winter and early spring in California
  • Best for slicing, salads, sandwiches

Bacon

Type B

Bacon produces medium-sized fruit with a smooth, thin peel that stays green at maturity. Its appearance offers little colour-based guidance, so texture matters more than a change toward black. The variety arrives from late autumn through winter, giving green-skinned fruit a place in the colder part of the calendar.

Compared with Hass, Bacon carries lower oil and tastes light and clean. That combination makes it useful for slicing, salads, and cold soups, where a restrained avocado flavour can keep the dish fresh. Growers also plant it near Hass because its B flowering schedule overlaps the period when Hass supplies pollen.

  • Flowering type B
  • Skin smooth, thin, stays green
  • Size medium
  • Oil lower than Hass
  • Season late autumn through winter
  • Best for slicing, salads, cold soups

Zutano

Type B

Zutano has a pear shape, a shiny yellow-green peel, and a thin skin. Individual fruit commonly weighs 6-14 oz. Its colour remains a pale green family of tones rather than shifting to deep purple-black, so the exterior should be read alongside firmness. California picking begins in September and continues into early winter availability.

The flesh is mild and more watery than Hass, with low to medium oil. That lighter character suits salads and sliced preparations when a less rich avocado is wanted. Zutano is also cold tolerant and widely used as a pollinator, giving it an important role beyond its place on the plate.

  • Flowering type B
  • Skin shiny yellow-green, thin
  • Size 6-14 oz, pear shaped
  • Oil low to medium
  • Season picked from September in California and available into early winter
  • Best for salads and slicing where a lighter fruit is wanted

Reed

Type A

Reed is a large, round avocado with thick skin that stays green even when fully ready. Its peel therefore cannot provide a reliable colour signal. Judge maturity by the fruit’s feel and by checking the stem end. The variety comes into its own in late summer and autumn, when its substantial size is useful.

High oil gives Reed a buttery texture, while a slight sweetness rounds out the flavour. Its broad shape and firm, generous flesh make it practical for slicing, stuffing, halving, and baking. The fruit is especially useful when a whole half or a sturdy serving piece matters more than a small dice.

  • Flowering type A
  • Skin thick, stays green even fully ripe
  • Size large, round
  • Oil high
  • Season late summer and autumn
  • Best for slicing, stuffing, halving and baking

Pinkerton

Type A

Pinkerton is long and pear shaped, with thick, pebbly green skin. The exterior stays in the green range rather than offering a dramatic darkening cue. Its small seed leaves a high share of usable flesh relative to the fruit’s overall size, a practical advantage when preparing long pieces for serving.

High oil gives Pinkerton a rich eating quality. The elongated flesh is well suited to slicing into long strips, including pieces used in sushi and rolls. Winter is its characteristic season, making it a useful option when a green-skinned, slice-friendly avocado is wanted during the colder months.

  • Flowering type A
  • Skin thick, pebbly, green
  • Size long pear shaped
  • Oil high
  • Season winter
  • Best for slicing into long pieces, sushi and rolls

Lamb Hass

Type A

Lamb Hass is a large avocado with pebbly skin that darkens late in the ripening process. Its appearance can therefore remain green-looking longer than a shopper might expect. This California selection was developed as a later Hass substitute, and its season follows the main Hass run from late summer into winter.

The flesh is high in oil and has a nutty flavour close to Hass. It can take over the same jobs, including mashing, toast, and guacamole, when the main Hass supply is outside its strongest California period. Its larger fruit also suits preparations needing more flesh from each avocado.

  • Flowering type A
  • Skin pebbly, darkens late
  • Size large
  • Oil high
  • Season after the main Hass run, late summer into winter
  • Best for the same uses as Hass when Hass is out of season

Gwen

Type A

Gwen is a medium to large, round avocado with thick, pebbly green skin. The peel does not darken as the fruit becomes ready, so colour alone is especially unhelpful here. A compact tree habit distinguishes this Hass descendant in the orchard, while spring and summer mark its principal season.

High oil supports a rich, creamy texture and makes Gwen satisfying in simple preparations. The round fruit works well cut into halves or slices, where the flesh can remain the focus. Its eating style resembles the fuller side of avocado rather than the lighter, more watery character of some green-skinned varieties.

  • Flowering type A
  • Skin thick pebbly green, does not darken
  • Size medium to large, round
  • Oil high
  • Season spring and summer
  • Best for halves and slices

Shop across varieties rather than relying on one colour cue. Hass can cover much of the year, while Fuerte, Bacon, Zutano, Reed, Pinkerton, Lamb Hass, and Gwen fill different seasonal windows and kitchen roles. Check firmness and the stem end for green-skinned fruit. Reviewed September 6, 2026.

Frequently asked questions

Which variety is best for guacamole?

Hass is the clearest choice among these varieties. Its rich, nutty flavour and high oil create the creamy texture associated with mashed avocado. Lamb Hass is a close substitute when available, since its flavour is similar and its later season can help fill the gap after the main Hass run.

Which variety is best for slicing?

Fuerte is a strong all-purpose slicing choice because its mild, slightly sweet flesh works in salads and sandwiches. Pinkerton is especially useful when long pieces are wanted for sushi or rolls. Reed also holds a useful shape for slices, halves, stuffing, and baking.

Why does green-skinned fruit stay green?

Some varieties simply do not develop a dark peel as they become ripe. Fuerte and Bacon remain green, while Reed and Gwen also keep green skin; Zutano stays yellow-green. For these fruits, use gentle feel and the stem end rather than waiting for a purple-black colour change.

Which variety has the longest season?

Hass has the broadest availability described here. California fruit is strongest from spring into early autumn, while Mexican and Peruvian supplies cover the rest of the year. Lamb Hass runs later, from late summer into winter, but its stated period does not span the full calendar in the same way.

Is one variety healthier than another?

The supplied variety information compares oil, flavour, skin, size, flowering, and season, not a complete nutrient profile. It therefore does not establish a health winner. Choose based on the texture, richness, portion, and preparation that suit the meal, while treating oil level as an eating-quality difference rather than a health verdict.

How this guide is built

Nutrient figures on this site come from the USDA FoodData Central record for raw avocado, all commercial varieties. Botany, races and flowering follow published avocado research and the species literature. Variety descriptions, seasons and handling follow California avocado trade and grower guidance. Nothing is published before the figure behind it is checked against a named public reference, and the reference family is listed on the about page. Last reviewed: September 6, 2026.